Key Points
- HF mortality rates have been increasing since 2012, with a more pronounced acceleration in 2020-2021.
- The age-adjusted HF mortality rates were higher in 2021 than in 1999.
- HF was a contributing cause in approximately 425,147 deaths and accounted for 45 % of the cardiovascular deaths in the US in 2021.
- Among ambulatory chronic HF patients, the 1-year mortality rate is estimated at 13.5%.
- Among US patients 65 years and older hospitalized for HF, the 1-year post-discharge mortality rate is estimated at 35%. The estimated mortality rates for this population at 30 days post-admission and 30 days post-discharge are 7% and 5%, respectively.
- Compared with the general US population, HF is associated with a loss of 7 to 15 years of median survival for adults 65–85 years of age.
- There has been a more pronounced relative annual increase in HF-related mortality rates observed among adults aged 35 to 64 years compared to those aged 65 to 84 years
- HF mortality rates increased for Black populations at a rate higher than any other racial or ethnic group.
- Rural areas have significantly higher HF mortality rates than urban areas, and demonstrate a notably greater relative increase in HF mortality rates compared to urban areas.
